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Clinical Analysis One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Free Essays

This is strongly exhibited in the film, through nurse Ratchet’s cold, dominating manner of inning of the ward. In the film Chiefs character is written off as deaf dumb by both the staff and other patients, he often appears catatonic. Broaden does not participate In the therapy circle and appears to be only treated regularly through drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical Analysis: One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest or any similar topic only for you Order Now He Is presented In the story as a patient with the longest tenure at the institution. The film also alludes to him having had large numbers of shock treatments during his stay. In the novel his character is described as having paranoid hallucinations of dense overwhelming fog generated by The Combine, a massive piece of machinery that intros people. The Chief isolates himself through his facade of being deaf and dumb. Eventually when Macarthur is able to get him to speak, the Chief reveals a story about his father being â€Å"worked on† by society. When he opens up, the Chief also lets on that he appears to see people as either big or small, he views people of confidence and strong spirit as large. The Chief describes himself as a small man, his perception of himself speaks of feelings of weakness or low self efficacy and depression. To properly diagnose Broaden today, a Callahan Is likely to conduct preliminary ABA work tests to rule out other possible causes for the schizophrenia like symptoms. A clinician would test him for commonly abused drugs that cause schizophrenia like symptoms for example, conduct a basic physical to rule out medical illnesses that may be causing these symptoms as well as review medical history. A clinician would take note of Broadens very apparent symptoms of Psychosis: marked by hallucinations delusions (The Combine), disturbances in sensory perception (the fog strongly held personal beliefs (The Combine controls people, reception of people as either being small or big) as well as emotional expression (his blunted flat affect, even when speaking to Macarthur ( speech Is flat, monotone lacking in signs of typical emotion). A clinician would also pickup on less obvious thinking behavior problems (in this case voluntary lack of speech). They would also need to determine whether Bromide’s prolonged depressed mood is a symptom of schizophrenia or one of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Psychosocial treatments would include: rehabilitation, individual psychotherapy, Emily education, self help support groups and antispasmodic drugs. Social and vocational training would be administered early on after the antispasmodic medication has been administered. As it deals with the immediate issues of isolation and helps teach the individual how to readjust to life outside of the sheltered/ controlled environment of a hospital setting, rehabilitation would be an integral step in eventually returning to life in the outside world. In the film Broaden appears to benefit greatly from forced social interaction with Macarthur. Macrographs character takes on the role of therapist with The Chief. He treats Broaden with respect and speaks to him instead of at him, which creates a bond of trust. Macarthur also takes the time to involve Broaden in social activities like conversations and group activities (basketball games). The scene where Broaden successfully dunks the ball in the game against the orderlies exhibits the great effect of these simple therapeutic exercises. At the end of this scene Broaden no longer moves at a slow sluggish pace, appears to come out of his catatonic state and even wows a change in affect with appropriate smiling after scoring in the game. Receiving personal social attention, as well as being involved in the basketball game seems to do wonders for Broaden’ isolation self efficacy issues. Individual psychotherapy would involve regularly scheduled talks between the patient and therapist, to focus on current or past feelings, problems and experiences. Regular interaction with an empathetic person could guide the patient into a more grounded state and put them in touch with the outside world/reality. Problem solving ND coping skills could be learned from reality based therapeutic exercises. As patients are often released and into the care of family members, it is important that they are educated on schizophrenia, relapse prevention troubleshooting. Learned coping problem solving skills could result in a more successful outcome of care and readjustment of their family member. Self help and support groups would be used to provide mutual support and continued safe empathetic social outlet for the patient. Patient support groups allow the patient to develop a sense of community with other patients as well as a resource of growth and learning from the sense that they are not alone in their condition. In a way Macarthur follows the psychosocial treatment pattern with The Chief, who at the end of the movie describes the way he perceives himself as â€Å"big as a damn mountain† and has developed problem solving skills, clearly resolved his self able to make the decision to and accomplish escaping the ward. This comes in stark contrast to the methods exhibited by Nurse Ratchet that focused on maintaining control of the patients, order of the institution, with a disregard for support/care of the progress of the individual patient. How to cite Clinical Analysis: One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest, Papers

Surveys

Introduction According to Babbie (2009), surveys originate from ancient times in Egypt. Egyptian rulers used surveys during the time of Christ through census. Today, survey research helps to collect information for survey report.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Surveys specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Survey, in business research, helps the business person know his target market, understand and meet the customers’ needs. Surveys also help in getting feedback from the customers concerning the products or services that a business entity offers. According to Babbie (2009), research helps to explore topics, describe situations and explain an occurrence or situation. How to construct a questionnaire Questionnaires help in finding useful information that could help in a research project. They help in collecting data and bringing out varied points of view. Babbie (2009), states that the layout and format that one chooses to use in a questionnaire are of immense importance in relation to the information he wants to get and analyse in the business research. A questionnaire should not make the respondent miss or misinterpret the question since this will lead to a wrong response. The wording used in a questionnaire should be able to encourage quick understanding and correct response. Difficult questionnaires could be thrown aware or ignored by the respondent. The questions in a questionnaire should be well spread out to ensure that they appear in an organized manner. Organization helps the respondent to have an easy way of answering questions and giving a proper response to the questions. This information will also help the researcher create a well organized methodology that will help others understand the research well. According to Babbie (2009), the questions should not be clustered. The use of abbreviations and incorporation of several questions in a single line is not advisable in a questionnaire. This is because some respondents might misinterpret the abbreviation and give a wrong answer to the question. Combining several questions to form one long question will make the respondent demoralized. This is because; people prefer answering many short questions to few long questions. This move could make the respondent give up on answering the questions or give wrong answers. Long questions are difficult for the respondent to understand. The processing of these clustered questions during data analysis is also a tough task for the interviewer.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way the researcher phrases his questions in the questionnaire could impact positively or negatively to the research project. A questionnaire that has well organized questions, for instance, will make it easy for the respondent to give correct answers. A questionnaire with complicate d phrases is difficult for the respondent to understand. The questionnaire, therefore, should include direct, well-structured questions that help to get facts and not confuse the respondent. Straight-forward questions help the respondents to give correct answers that will make it easy for the researcher to analyse and process. According to Babbie (2009), response options should also be well outlined in the questionnaire. The researcher could choose to have open-ended questions (for instance questions that require the respondent to write down the answer in a sentence form) and close ended-questions (in this case the respondent picks an answer from the choices given). Close ended questions are always a guideline for the interviewer to support his research project. In some cases, the choices given could be; yes, no or maybe. The questions, in this case, are always direct and the information given matches the hypothesis that the researcher has included in his research. Close-ended quest ions use boxes to give the choices that bring out required answers. One can approximate the sizes of the boxes that are to be incorporated by the use of brackets. One can then go ahead to create the boxes using Microsoft word processor. A researcher could use the response options to make the respondent choose answers that support his research argument. This could be done by phrasing the questions in a manner that the respondent chooses the answers that the researcher wants. According to Babbie (2009), the sequence of questions is a vital consideration in writing a questionnaire. The questions should be arranged from the simplest to the difficult one. This arrangement helps the respondent to be attentive in answering the questions. This is because the respondent finds it easy to answer subsequent questions after getting the first one correct. This will encourage him to finish the remaining questions. Difficult questions, at the beginning of the questionnaire, could make the responden t abandon the questionnaire. The questions in the questionnaire should also be properly arranged. There should be a systematic flow of questions to ensure collection of correct information. The first question should be related to the second. This arrangement helps the respondent use the first question to answer the next.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Surveys specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The questionnaire should start by an introduction statement. In the introduction, the researcher appreciates the willingness by the respondent to help in the research by answering the questionnaire. The researcher further states that the questionnaire helps to answer the business research topic presented. This helps in the initiating of the respondent into the questionnaire and makes them feel appreciated. Demographic questions help the researcher understand the respondent even without knowing his name. These quest ions help the researcher to know how the responses given differ among the various categories of people. This approach helps in making the questionnaire less harsh and chaotic. They also help prepare the respondent for the rest of the questions. Demographic questions could range from the age of the respondent, ethnic orientation, profession or academic level. In most cases, the respondent does not give his name, and if he does, it is confidential and hence the name could be changed or omitted when compiling the research report. Different theories can be used to determine a research topic. The use of theories helps the researcher to create a guideline that he will use to carry out the research. The theories also help in making the research authentic and credible since it involves referring to other researches done by previous authors. Special instructions and guidelines should be laid out in a questionnaire. The questions should also be constructed in a way that they support the resea rch project. A good questionnaire, therefore, according to Goddard and Melville (2001) is complete; short, outlines only relevant questions, objective, incorporates closed questions and gives clear instruction. Research Methodology According to Goddard Melville (2001) there are various sources of information that could be used in a research. These sources include textbooks, company reports, the internet, articles in journals, conference proceeding, newspapers and magazines. Literary studies could also be used. For instance, a researcher could choose to employ preliminary literary study in order to be abreast with the issues in the study. This is a preparation for the main research. A full literary study, however, is the main research and not part of the preparation.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are several barriers that a researcher could face during his survey. A researcher finds it difficult to communicate with people of a different language. For instance, when one needs information from a native community, he has to write the questions in a language that they will understand. This could involve interpretation of the questions from the original language to a native language to suit the respondent. Inaccessibility of certain research areas could also make it difficult for the researcher to get the information he needs. These areas could also be without telephones or internet hindering the use of alternative data collections methods. In many cases, the outcome of a survey, for instance a business survey, could make the company understand the customers well and, therefore, address their needs. This move often leads to improved customer relation and increased sales and profits. The information from a survey should be in line with the research topic. From the research h ypothesis outlined, the researcher should create a questionnaire that will help him collect only relevant information. This information should help the researcher strengthen his argument in the research and show that what he is presenting is correct. In business research for instance, one will have to get relevant business information that will support his argument. The information collected, therefore, should be valid and help bring out the clear picture that the researcher intends. Survey is the best form of data collection since it ensures flexibility in the gathering of information. In this case, the interviewer chooses the questions that he asks. Surveys also ensure the collection of diverse information that could be used to obtain sensitive information. A survey could be done via e-mail or interpersonal level making it fast and effective. A proper survey to validate my research is not accessible at the moment. Some of the challenges that are present in developing a survey incl ude the challenge of preserving the privacy of the respondent. In some cases, this action is impossible since some researches require revealing the source of information. Revealing the source most times makes the research authentic and credible but at the same time revealing the source is an infringement of the respondents’ privacy. According to Marsden and Wright (2010) there is another challenge that is involved in research especially when collecting information from a different culture. In relation to Cross-national research, a researcher should understand the culture, structure, and language of different nations. This could prove difficult for a researcher. Another challenge is deception according to Padgett (1998) who states that a lot of information collected in a research is full of deception. It is, therefore, difficult to determine what is true and what is not in a research hence the findings could be false. Some respondents would require a bribe in order to give the information they have hence affected the ethics of research. According to Padgett (1998), the researcher could also face threats to his life especially when the research topic is controversial. For instance, research concerning issue that tough on business rivalry, could make the business tycoons threaten the life of the researcher or even do everything to stop the research from being a success. Conclusion It is therefore important for the researcher to consider these different issues when creating a questionnaire and carrying out a survey. This will help in creating a survey project that could be used by researchers years to come. Reference List Babbie, E. (2009). The Basics of Social Research. (5th Ed.) Wadsworth Cengage Learning. New York. USA. Goddard, W., Melville S. (2001) Research Methodology: An introduction. (2nd ed.). Juta Co. Ltd. South Africa. Marsden, P., Wright, J. (2010). Handbook of Survey Research. Emerald Group Publishing. UK. Padgett, D. (1998). Qualitative Me thods in Social Work Research.Sage Publications. USA. This research paper on Surveys was written and submitted by user Green Heron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Thomas Jefferson, Third U.S. President

Biography of Thomas Jefferson, Third U.S. President Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743–July 4, 1826) was the third president of the United States, after George Washington and John Adams. His presidency is perhaps best known for the Louisiana Purchase, a single land transaction that doubled the size of the United States territory. Jefferson was an anti-Federalist who was wary of a large central government and favored states rights over federal authority. Fast Facts: Thomas Jefferson Known For: Third president of the United States; Founding Father; drafted the Declaration of IndependenceBorn: April 13, 1743 in the Colony of VirginiaDied: July 4, 1826 in Charlottesville, VirginiaEducation: College of William and MarySpouse: Martha Wayles (m. 1772-1782)Children: Martha, Jane Randolph, Unnamed Son, Maria, Lucy Elizabeth, Lucy Elizabeth (all with wife Martha); a rumored six with his slave Sally Hemings, including Madison and EstonNotable Quote: The government is best that governs least. Early Life Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, in the Colony of Virginia. He was the son of  Colonel Peter Jefferson, a planter and public official, and Jane Randolph. Jefferson grew up in Virginia and was raised with the orphaned children of his fathers friend, William Randolph. He was educated from ages 9 to 14 by a clergyman named William Douglas, from whom he learned Greek, Latin, and French. He then attended Reverend James Maurys School before matriculating at the College of William and Mary. Jefferson studied law with George Wythe, the first American law professor. He was admitted to the bar in 1767. Political Career Jefferson entered politics in the late 1760s. He served in the House of Burgesses- the legislature of Virginia- from 1769 to 1774. On  January 1, 1772, Jefferson married  Martha Wayles Skelton. Together they had two daughters: Martha Patsy and Mary Polly. There is also speculation that Jefferson may have fathered several children with the slave  Sally Hemings. As a representative of Virginia, Jefferson argued against British actions and served on the Committee of Correspondence, which formed a union between the 13 American colonies. Jefferson was a member of the Continental Congress and later was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. During part of the Revolutionary War, he served as the governor of Virginia. After the war, he was sent to France to act as a foreign minister. In 1790, President Washington  appointed Jefferson to be the United States first official  Secretary of State. Jefferson clashed with Secretary of the Treasury  Alexander Hamilton on how the new country should deal with France and Britain. Hamilton also desired a stronger federal government than Jefferson. Jefferson eventually resigned because he saw that Washington was more strongly influenced by Hamilton than himself. Jefferson later served as vice president under  John Adams  from 1797 to 1801. Election of 1800 In 1800, Jefferson ran as the Republican nominee for president, with  Aaron Burr  as his vice president. Jefferson ran a very contentious campaign against John Adams, under whom he had previously served. Jefferson and Burr tied in the  electoral vote,  leading to an electoral controversy that was ultimately resolved in Jeffersons favor by a vote in the House of Representatives. Jefferson took office as the countrys third president on February 17, 1801. Thomas Jefferson called the election of 1800 the Revolution  of  1800 because it was the first time in the United States when the presidency passed from one party to another. The election marked a peaceful transition of power that has continued to this day. First Term An important early event during Jeffersons first term in office was the court case  Marbury v. Madison,  which established the Supreme Courts power to rule on the constitutionality of federal acts. From 1801 to 1805, America engaged in a war with the Barbary States of North Africa. The United States had been paying tribute to pirates from this area to stop attacks on American ships. When the pirates asked for more money, Jefferson refused, leading Tripoli to declare war. This ended in success for the United States, which was no longer required to pay tribute to Tripoli. However, America did continue to pay the rest of the Barbary States. In 1803,  Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory  from France for $15 million. Many historians consider this the most important act of his administration, as the purchase doubled the size of the United States. In 1804, Jefferson dispatched the Corps of Discovery, the expedition party famously led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, to explore the new territory Reelection of 1804 Jefferson was renominated for the presidency in 1804 with George Clinton as his vice president. Jefferson ran against Charles Pinckney from  South Carolina and easily won a second term. The Federalists were divided, with radical elements leading to the partys downfall. Jefferson received 162 electoral votes and Pinckney got only 14. Second Term In 1807, during Jeffersons second term, Congress passed a law ending Americas involvement in the foreign slave trade. This act- which went into effect January 1, 1808- abolished the importation of slaves from Africa (it did not, however, end the sale of slaves within the United States). By the end of Jeffersons second term, France and Britain were at war and American trade ships were often targeted. When the British boarded the American frigate  Chesapeake, they forced three soldiers to work on their vessel and killed one for treason. Jefferson signed the  Embargo Act of 1807  in response. The legislation stopped America from exporting and importing foreign goods. Jefferson thought this would have the effect of hurting trade in France and Great Britain. It ended up having the opposite effect and did more damage to America. Death After his second term in office, Jefferson retired to his home in Virginia and spent much of his time designing the University of Virginia. Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Legacy Jeffersons election marked the beginning of the fall of federalism and the Federalist Party. When Jefferson took over the office from Federalist John Adams, the transfer of power occurred in an orderly manner, setting a precedent for future political transitions. Jefferson took his role as party leader very seriously. His greatest achievement was perhaps the Louisiana Purchase, which more than doubled the size of the United States. Sources Appleby, Joyce Oldham.  Thomas Jefferson. Times Books, 2003.Ellis, Joseph J.  American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.â€Å"Thomas Jeffersons Family: A Genealogical Chart.† Thomas Jeffersons Monticello.

Definition and How to Handle an Adjustment Letter

Definition and How to Handle an Adjustment Letter An adjustment letter or a claim adjustment letter is a written response from a representative of a business or agency to a customers claim letter. It explains how a problem with a product or service may (or may not) be resolved. How to Handle the Response If your business has received a claim letter from a customer, youll want to handle your response diplomatically and with the proper  you attitude  to quickly and effectively repair or prevent any damage to your reputation. Even if the complaint cant be resolved exactly as the customer wishes or you have to give bad news, you want to still take a positive, professional tone.   Andrea B. Geffner illustrates further: An  adjustment letter  should begin with a positive statement, expressing sympathy and understanding. Near the start, it should let the reader know what is being done, and this news, good or bad, should be followed by an explanation. The letter should end with another positive statement, reaffirming the companys good intentions and the value of its products, but  never  referring to the original problem.Whether or not your company is at fault, even the most belligerent claim should be answered politely. An adjustment letter should  not  be negative or suspicious; it must  never  accuse the customer or grant any adjustment grudgingly. Remember, your companys image and goodwill are at stake when you respond even to unjustified claims.​ (How to Write  Better  Business Letters, 4th ed. Barrons, 2007) Be careful to never promise something your company cant deliver (or a deadline you cant meet), or that will only compound the problem. Convey to your customer that you do have his or her interest in mind, and keep the door open to keep their business and for better success in the future. Even as times change, some things remain true. Good business advice hasnt changed in the last 100 years, as evident from advice given by O.C. Gallagher and L.B. Moulton in Practical Business English, from 1918:   Any showing of ill-feeling or anger in your adjustment letter will defeat its purpose. Indifference toward the customers complaint or delay in answering it is likewise fatal to further business relations. The you, not the I, attitude will put the offended customer in good humor, and open the way for a pleasant settlement of the complaint. An adjustment letter characterized by the  you attitude  becomes a sales letter. Dealing With Internet Complaints The same type of advice also applies to dealing with complaints or poor reviews levied against businesses on the internet or via social media. You still need to be diplomatic in your response. Speed in diffusing a complaint is of the essence- but not hastiness. Remember that anything you type in an electronic message or post can be copied and forwarded for the world to see, and its really difficult to completely delete something after posting it online or hitting send.Have someone proofread it and check for cultural sensitivity or other potential pitfalls before putting it out there.Cut to the chase- keep the public-facing text short and to the point.  Always have a cool head when responding to criticism online or else the problem can spiral. Any text online affects your brand and reputation. A successful resolution to a complaint or claim also has the ability to spread far and wide, though likely not as fast or widely as a poor review or complaint, unfortunately.   Sources Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu, The Business Writers Handbook, 10th ed. Macmillan, 2011. Philip C. Kolin, Successful Writing at Work, 9th ed. Wadsworth Publishing, 2009.

Economy - Market structure & Macroeconomy Essay

Economy - Market structure & Macroeconomy - Essay Example Mombasa has endured rule of many different nations, from the Portuguese in the 12th century to the British more recently, until gaining its independence in 1963. The completion of a railway from Mombasa to Uganda in 1901 serves as the link between the port and the rest of Kenya, as well as surrounding East African countries. While Mombasa is an important shipping port for imports and exports along the East African coast, it is also a popular tourist area, with many hotels to the North and South of the 15 square km island. The population of Mombasa is roughly 900,000. Over one fourth of all workers in Kenya are employed in Mombasa working in the port itself, in manufacturing, and in tourism. Tourism, and particularly that of visiting naval ships, is an important aspect of the economy, accounting for nearly 40% of Mombassa’s revenues. Among its many exports are coffee, flowers, vegetables, textiles and livestock. Problems that the port has encountered since the early 1990s inclu de a declining economy that is said to be the result of price controls, import licensing and foreign exchange controls. Like Nairobi, the largest city in Kenya, the city of Mombassa has experienced an increase in population, though on a much smaller scale. This is a continuing problem across Eastern Africa, and solutions for â€Å"secondary cities† (Otiso, 2005, p.117) in which occupants can live and work to sustain themselves is elusive.

Process Centred Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Process Centred Management - Essay Example Reengineering changes production from a skill specific departmental process to a product centred approach that looks at the end product and the team effort required to create it. 2. The Building Blocks. The organizational structure may need to change or adjust to cross-departmental communications to support the process centred management approach. The change will require organization around outcomes rather than organization by tasks. In some cases customers may be able to complete part of the process thus eliminating a cost of or required personnel (not too popular among staff because it could cause lay-offs). This could take the form of automated ordering processes via the internet verses a call centre based ordering system. The organization must be prepared for flexibility and change and can do this by devising a strategy to support the change while supporting the workforce who will implement the change. 3. Impact on the organization. Change rarely comes easy and change to a process centred management system is no exception. Change impacts production, employees, management, and the organizational structure. Change is most often designed to cut costs and to increase profits. Employees are the ones that seem to be affected the most by change in management systems. Change from a skills or department approach to a process centred outcome approach may not come easily if it means a reduction in force (lay offs). Ownership of the change makes the change a whole lot easier. The employees will need to adjust to working toward an outcome (process) instead of a single task. This requires adopting a team approach and requires the employees to learn a whole process rather than a step in the process. Job design, job enlargement, and job enrichment all impact the worker. In short, the job gets harder and the employee needs to know and learn more. The employee transitions from worker to professional. Information sharing is a very important part of process centred management. Information can be shared by different team members instead of one department gathering information to pass on to another department for processing. Jobs and job descriptions will need to be reengineered to support the process centred approach. The decision point may need to shift in the organization from higher management down to where the decisions are implemented. Performance measurement is vital to successful process centred management because "measurement is the foundation of improvement2". Quality Assurance (QA) provides the opportunity to correct or confirm product quality and marketability. "What isn't measured doesn't happen because there is no incentive, knowledge, or ownership"(PPT06, Provided with Course). Quality assurance makes sure that the end product meets or exceeds customer satisfaction (demand). "QA in a process centred organization is measure by results, growth, and performance"3. A QA method that organizations can use is Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)4 to ensure that organizational activities support the process centred management approach and thus support production and marketing activities. 4. Changes required in organizational structure. Of all the changes necessary when a switch to process centred management is adopted the change in organization structure will effect the organization the most. The "whose in charge" idea needs to change. Decision making power